Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney is being accused of plagiarizing parts of his 1995 doctoral thesis from Oxford University. These accusations surface as he campaigns for re-election, with Canadian elections scheduled for April 28.

An examination of Carney’s thesis, “The Dynamic Advantage of Competition,” by the National Post and reviewed by three academic experts, allegedly revealed at least 10 instances of plagiarism.

These experts informed the National Post that Carney is alleged to have directly copied quotations, paraphrased concepts, and slightly altered sentences from four different sources without proper attribution.

“He’s just directly repeating without quotations. That’s plagiarism,” Geoffrey Sigalet, a professor involved in academic misconduct cases, told the National Post.

Carney’s campaign issued a statement to the National Post from his former Oxford supervisor, Margaret Meyer, who refuted the allegations. “I see no evidence of plagiarism in the thesis,” she stated. “Mark’s work was thoroughly researched and approved by a faculty committee.”

Meyer also noted to the National Post that “it is typical that overlapping language appears” when sources are regularly referenced.

Oxford University’s definition of plagiarism includes “presenting work or ideas from another source as your own without full acknowledgment.” Another professor, speaking anonymously to the National Post, suggested Carney’s thesis may fit this definition.

Carney’s campaign spokesperson, Isabella Orozco-Madison, dismissed the accusations as an “irresponsible mischaracterization” of his work.

The National Post’s report highlights an example where Carney allegedly mirrored a passage from economist Michael E. Porter’s 1990 book, “The Competitive Advantage of Nations.” Carney wrote on page 206 of his thesis: “First, government intervention can impede international competition and artificially support domestic profits,” which closely resembles Porter’s original wording.

Carney is also accused of copying portions from Jeremy C. Stein’s 1989 article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics and H.S. Shin’s 1994 article in The RAND Journal of Economics, with only minor modifications.

The alleged plagiarism is reportedly widespread throughout the thesis. “It’s all over the dissertation, not just one part,” Sigalet stated. Even minor changes in wording without proper citation are considered plagiarism.

warns that plagiarism is a serious offense with potential penalties, including expulsion. “Even when you reword something, you still need to cite the source,” Sigalet emphasized.

Carney, previously governor of both the Bank of Canada and the Bank of England, has had a prominent career, including senior positions at Goldman Sachs and Brookfield Asset Management. He has previously faced criticism for his elite background and .

Plagiarism allegations have historically led to resignations and degree revocations for politicians and academics.

Last year, Harvard University’s president Claudine Gay resigned amid plagiarism claims, although she denied any wrongdoing.

Carney is a vocal amid ongoing trade disputes between Canada and the U.S.

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